Background
Respiratory diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally1 with lung imaging having a vital role in diagnosing and managing these conditions.
Computed tomography (CT) is considered the gold standard for structural imaging of the lungs but it involves radiation and does not provide functional information1,2.
Historically, pulmonary MRI has been challenging because lungs are inherently low in proton density with short T2*, so there is less signal available for imaging and the quality is affected by cardiac and respiratory motion. Also, lung tissue is diamagnetic whilst oxygen in air is paramagnetic, leading to magnetic susceptibility artifact at the air-tissue interface3. In addition, local gradient field inhomogeneities are produced by the alveoli and miniscule airway surfaces, all contributing to rapid dephasing of the low signal available.
Hyperpolarised Xenon MRI is a technique that has been...
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